Asia Minor was conquered from the Persians by Alexander the Great in 336 BC. After his early death the region passed back and forwards through the hands of competing generals for a few years before coming under the control of Seleucus and his descendants. Since then the Seleucids have had trouble keeping their enormous kingdom intact, and large areas of Asia Minor have fallen away from their control, coming under local rulers.
In the wake of Alexander’s conquests Greek cities were founded throughout Asia Minor. These have flourished, and are home to a mixed Greek and native population whose ruling classes are thoroughly imbued with Hellenistic culture.